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Displacement in the maxilla, assessed in the transverse (x), sagittal (y), and vertical (z) planes, after expansion (n = 28; mm)

IQR, Interquartile range.

Please refer to Table 1 for the definition of each landmark.

For the x coordinates, absolute values were used. For the y and z coordinates, positive values indicate backward and upward movements, respectively. Measurements were performed on both the right and left sides.

Comparison was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank nonparametric test; *p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001.

Korean J Orthod 2017;47:77~86 https://doi.org/10.4041/kjod.2017.47.2.77
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