THE KOREAN JOURNAL of ORTHODONTICS

Table 1

Inclusion and exclusion criteria for patients

Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Class I malocclusion	Class III malocclusion
Class II malocclusion (Dental, Division 1)	Sagittal and transversal skeletal problem
Malocclusion requiring the extraction of the upper first premolars	Aged < 16
Aged > 16	Cross bite
Good general health	Abnormal chewing habit
No medication	Previous orthodontic treatment
No radiographic or clinical evidence of bone loss	Long term use of any drug
Good periodontal condition (probing depth 1–3 mm/ pocket depth less than 3 mm/no bleeding while probing)	Smoking
Healthy mental condition	Periodontal hygiene problem
	Orofacial deformity
	Mental or behavior disorders