Fig. 9. Evaluation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive multinucleated osteoclasts (black arrows) on the mesial alveolar bone surface of the distobuccal root (DBR) of the maxillary left first molar at 3, 7, and 14 days after insertion of a 30-g orthodontic force application device to assess the effects of nicotine on orthodontic tooth movement and bone remodeling in rats. Representative images (50-µm, original image × 300) for each group are shown. A-C, Control group (saline 0.5 mL daily). D-F, Experimental group (nicotine 0.83 mg/kg daily). G-I, Experimental group (nicotine 1.67 mg/kg daily).
