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Korean J Orthod
First Published Date September 5, 2023
Copyright © The Korean Association of Orthodontists.
Hannah Jeong a,*, Jwa-Young Kimb, *, Xiangguo Chec, Je-Yong Choid, Insan Jange, Seong-Gon Kimf
aPostgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
bAssociate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
cAssistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
dProfessor, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
eProfessor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
fProfessor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
Correspondence to:Insan Jang, D.D.S., Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jukheon gil-7, Gangneung, Gangwon, South Korea, 25457
+82-33-640-2762
insan@gwnu.ac.kr
Objectives: To investigate the long-term effects of 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) on facial skeletal growth in growing male rats, with an additional focus on diabetic animal models.
Materials and Methods: A total of 40 male rats were utilized in this experiment. Among them, 20 animals were induced with Type 1 diabetes mellitus through the administration of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and assigned to either the STZ group or the 4HR injected group (STZ/4HR group). The remaining 20 healthy rats were divided into control and 4HR groups. 4HR was administered subcutaneously at a dosage of 10 mg/kg every week until sacrifice. At 16 weeks of age, whole blood was collected, and micro-computed tomography was taken on the skull and femur.
Results: All craniofacial linear measurements were smaller in the STZ group compared to those of the control group. The mandibular molar width was significantly smaller in the 4HR group than the control group (P = 0.031), but larger in the STZ/4HR group than in the STZ group (P = 0.011). In diabetic animals, the STZ/4HR group exhibited significantly higher cortical bone thickness, bone mineral density, and bone volume than the STZ group. The serum testosterone level of the STZ/4HR group was also significantly higher than that of the STZ group.
Conclusions: 4HR administration may have divergent effects on mandibular growth and bone mass in healthy and diabetic animals. In the context of diabetes, 4HR appears to provide beneficial effects, potentially through the modulation of mitochondrial respiration.
Keywords: 4-Hexylresorcinol, Micro-computed tomography, Diabetes mellitus, Testosterone
Korean J Orthod
First Published Date September 5, 2023
Copyright © The Korean Association of Orthodontists.
Hannah Jeong a,*, Jwa-Young Kimb, *, Xiangguo Chec, Je-Yong Choid, Insan Jange, Seong-Gon Kimf
aPostgraduate student, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
bAssociate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
cAssistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
dProfessor, Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Cell and Matrix Research Institute, Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
eProfessor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
fProfessor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea
Correspondence to:Insan Jang, D.D.S., Ph.D.
Professor, Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Jukheon gil-7, Gangneung, Gangwon, South Korea, 25457
+82-33-640-2762
insan@gwnu.ac.kr
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Objectives: To investigate the long-term effects of 4-Hexylresorcinol (4HR) on facial skeletal growth in growing male rats, with an additional focus on diabetic animal models.
Materials and Methods: A total of 40 male rats were utilized in this experiment. Among them, 20 animals were induced with Type 1 diabetes mellitus through the administration of 40 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) and assigned to either the STZ group or the 4HR injected group (STZ/4HR group). The remaining 20 healthy rats were divided into control and 4HR groups. 4HR was administered subcutaneously at a dosage of 10 mg/kg every week until sacrifice. At 16 weeks of age, whole blood was collected, and micro-computed tomography was taken on the skull and femur.
Results: All craniofacial linear measurements were smaller in the STZ group compared to those of the control group. The mandibular molar width was significantly smaller in the 4HR group than the control group (P = 0.031), but larger in the STZ/4HR group than in the STZ group (P = 0.011). In diabetic animals, the STZ/4HR group exhibited significantly higher cortical bone thickness, bone mineral density, and bone volume than the STZ group. The serum testosterone level of the STZ/4HR group was also significantly higher than that of the STZ group.
Conclusions: 4HR administration may have divergent effects on mandibular growth and bone mass in healthy and diabetic animals. In the context of diabetes, 4HR appears to provide beneficial effects, potentially through the modulation of mitochondrial respiration.
Keywords: 4-Hexylresorcinol, Micro-computed tomography, Diabetes mellitus, Testosterone
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